Teutonic Mythology Gods and Goddesses of the Northland By Viktor Rydberg IN THREE VOLUMES NORRŒNA SOCIETY LONDON – COPENHAGEN – STOCKHOLM – BERLIN – NEW YORK 1907

CONTENTS Cover Page Title Page VOLUME I PART I — INTRODUCTION (A) The Ancient Aryans 1. The Words German and Germanic — 1 2. The Aryan Family of Languages — 3 3. Hypothesis of Asiatic Origin of the Aryans — 5 4. Hypothesis of European Origin of the Aryans — 15 5. The Aryan Land of Europe — 20 (B) Ancient Teutondom (Germanien) 6. The Stone Age of Prehistoric Teutondom — 26 PART II — MEDIÆVAL MIGRATION SAGAS (A) The Learned Saga in Regard to the Emigration From Troy-Asgard   7. The Saga in Heimskringla and the Prose Edda — 32   8. The Troy Saga and Prose Edda — 44   9. Saxo’s Relation to the Story of Troy — 47 10. Older Periods of the Troy Saga — 50 11. Story of the Origin of Trojan Descent of the Franks — 60 12. Odin as Leader of the Trojan Emigration — 67 13. Materials of the Icelandic Troy Saga — 83 14. Result of Foregoing Investigations — 96 (B) Popular Traditions of the Middle Ages 15. The Longobardian Migration Saga — 99 16. Saxon and Swabian Migration Saga — 107 17. The Frankish Migration Saga — 111 18. Migration Saga of the Burgundians — 113 19. Teutonic Emigration Saga — 119 PART III — THE MYTH CONCERNING THE EARLIEST PERIOD                   AND THE EMIGRATIONS FROM THE NORTH 20. Myths Concerning the Creation of Man — 126 21. Scef, the Original Patriarch — 135 22. Borgar-Skjold, the Second Patriarch — 143 23. Halfdan, the Third Patriarch — 147 24. Halfdan’s Enmity with Orvandel and Svipdag — 151 25. Halfdan’s Identity with Mannus — 153 26. Sacred Runes Learned from Heimdal — 159 27. Sorcery, the Reverse of Sacred Runes — 165 28a. Heimdal and the Sun Goddess — 167 28b. Loke Causes Enmity Between Gods and Creators — 171 29. Halfdan Identical with Helge — 180 30. The End of the Age of Peace — 185 31. Halfdan’s Character. The Weapon-Myth. — 191 32. War with the Heroes from Svarin’s Mound — 194 33. Review of the Svipdag Myth — 200 34. The World-War and its Causes — 204 35. Myth Concerning the Sword Guardian — 213 36. Breach Between Asas Vans. Siege of Asgard — 235 37. Significance of the World-War — 252 38. The War in Midgard. Hadding’s Adventures — 255 39. Position of the Divine Clans to the Warriors — 262 40. Hadding’s Defeat — 268 41. Loke’s Punishment — 273 42. Original Model of the Bravalla Battle — 281 43. The Dieterich Saga — 285 PART IV — THE MYTH IN REGARD TO THE LOWER WORLD 44. Myth in Regard to the Lower World — 306 45. Gudmund, King of the Glittering Plains — 309 46. Ruler of the Lower World — 312 47. Fjallerus and Hadingus in the Low World — 317 48. A Frisian Saga, Adam of Bremen — 319 49. Odainsaker and the Glittering Plains — 321 50. Identification of Odainsaker — 336 51. Gudmund’s Identity with Mimer — 339 52. Mimer’s Grove — 341 VOLUME II 53. Myth in Regard to the Lower World — 353 54. Myth Concerning Mimer’s Grove — 379 55. Mimer’s Grove and Regeneration of the World — 389 56. Gylfaginning’s Cosmography — 395 57. The Word Hel in Linguistic Usage — 406 58. The Word Hel in Vegtamskvida and in Vafthrudnersmal — 410 59. Border Mountain Between Hel and Nifelhel — 414 60. Description of Nifelhel — 426 61. Who the Inhabitants of Hel are — 440 62. The Classes of Beings in Hel — 445 63. The Kingdom of Death — 447 64. Valkyries, Psycho-messengers of Diseases — 457 65. The Way of Those who Fall by the Sword — 462 66. Risting with the Spear-point — 472 67. Loke’s Daughter, Hel — 476 68. Way to Hades Common to the Dead — 482 69. The Doom of the Dead — 485 70. Speech-Runes Ords Tírr Námæli — 490 71. The Looks of the Thingstead — 505 72. The Hades Drink — 514 73. The Hades Horn Embellished with Serpents — 521 74. The Lot of the Blessed — 528 75. Arrival at the Na-gates — 531 76. The Places of Punishment — 534 77. The Hall in Nastrands — 540 78. Loke’s Cave of Punishment — 552 79. The Great World-Mill — 565 80. The World-Mill — 568 81. The World-Mill makes the Constellations Revolve — 579 82. Origin of the Sacred Fire — 586 83. Mundilfore’s Identity with Lodur — 601 84. Nat, Mother of the Gods — 608 85. Narfi, Nat’s Father — 611 86. Giant Clans Descended from Ymer — 624 87. Identity of Mimer and Nidhad — 630 88. Review of Mimer’s Names and Epithets — 641 89. The Mead Myth — 644 90. The Moon and the Mead — 669 91. Myths of the Moon-God — 680 92. The Moon-Dis Nanna — 681 93. Cosmographic Review — 692 VOLUME III 94. Story of the Seven Sleepers — 707 95. The Anthropology of the Mythology — 729 PART V — THE IVALDE RACE 96. Svipdag and Groa — 747 97. Menglad’s Identity with Freyja — 751 98. The Sword of Revenge — 759 99. Orvandel, the Star-Hero — 767 100. Svipdag Identical with Otharus — 770 101. Svipdag in Saxo’s Account of Hotherus — 781 102. Ericus Disertus in Saxo — 793 103. The Svipdag Synonim Eirikr — 803 104. Later Fortunes of the Volund Sword — 808 105. The Svipdag Epithet “Skirnir” — 815 106. Transformation and Death of Svipdag — 819 107. Reminiscences of the Svipdag Myth — 830 108. Orvandel, Egil and Ebbo — 847 109. Frey Fostered in the Home of Orvandel — 865 110. Ivalde, Svipdag’s Grandfather — 870 111. Parallel Myths in Rigveda — 874 112. Judgment Passed on the Ivalde Sons — 884 113. Olvalde and Ivalde Sons Identical — 890 114. A Review of Thorsdrapa — 932 115. Of Volund’s Identity with Thjasse — 952 116. The Worst Deed of Revenge — 956 117. the Guard at Hvergelmer and the Elivagar — 968 118. Slagfin, Egil, and Volund — 971 119. The Niflung Hoard Left by Volund — 975 120. Slagfin-Gjuke a Star-Hero — 981 121. Slagfin’s Appearance in the Moon Myth — 985 122. Review of the Synonyms of Ivalde’s Sons — 991 123. Ivalde — 992 DICTIONARY OF GODS AND GODDESSES — 1013 INDEX OF PERSONS AND PLACES — 1041

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